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Secular Buddhism—sometimes also referred to as agnostic Buddhism, Buddhist agnosticism, ignostic Buddhism, atheistic Buddhism, pragmatic Buddhism, Buddhist atheism, or Buddhist secularism—is a broad term for a form of Buddhism based on humanist, skeptical, and agnostic values, valuing pragmatism and (often) naturalism, eschewing beliefs in the supernatural or paranormal.
In sociology, secularization (British English: secularisation) is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." [1] There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism, irreligion, nor are they automatically antithetical to religion. [2]
State atheism or atheist state is the incorporation of hard atheism or non-theism into political regimes. [27] It is considered the opposite of theocracy and may also refer to large-scale secularization attempts by governments. [ 28 ]
The term secular religion is often applied today to communal belief systems—as for example with the view of love as the postmodern secular religion. [11] Paul Vitz applied the term to modern psychology in as much as it fosters a cult of the self, explicitly calling "the self-theory ethic ... this secular religion". [12]
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin saeculum, ' worldly ' or ' of a generation '), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion. The origins of secularity can be traced to the Bible itself. The concept was fleshed out through Christian history into the modern era. [1] In the Middle Ages, there were even ...
Secular spirituality emphasizes humanistic qualities such as love, compassion, patience, forgiveness, responsibility, harmony, and a concern for others. [7] Du Toit argues aspects of life and human experience which go beyond a purely materialistic view of the world are spiritual; spirituality does not require belief in a supernatural reality or divine being.
Secular morality is the aspect of philosophy that deals with morality outside of religious traditions. Modern examples include humanism , freethinking , and most versions of consequentialism . Additional philosophies with ancient roots include those such as skepticism and virtue ethics .