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The US liquid gallon (frequently called simply "gallon") is legally defined as 231 cubic inches, which is exactly 3.785411784 litres. [7] [8] A US liquid gallon contains about 3.7854 kilograms (8.3454 lb) of water at 3.98 °C (39.16 °F), and is about five-sixths of an imperial gallon.
[nb 1] (This was the basis for calling 64 gallons a quarter.) At some time before the 15th century, it was reduced to 252 gallons, so as to be evenly divisible by other small integers, including seven. [nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [6] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 ...
It was also used in Europe, where it varied in capacity from 9 to 11 US gallons. firkin: 40.91 L: 9 imp gal: 2 pins keg: 58.67 L: 15.5 US gal: 1 ⁄ 2 US beer barrel. kilderkin: 81.83 L: 18 imp gal: 2 firkins US barrel: 117.35 L: 31 US gal [10] 2 kegs UK barrel: 163.66 L: 36 imp gal: 2 kilderkins hogshead: 245.49 L: 54 imp gal: 6 firkins or 3 ...
Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. [2] The modern tun is about 954 litres. The word tun is etymologically related to the word ton for the unit of mass, the mass of a tun of wine being approximately one long ton , which is 2 240 pounds ...
The chart below [6] lists the sizes of various wine bottles in multiples relating to a standard bottle of wine, which is 0.75 litres (0.20 US gal; 0.16 imp gal) (six 125 mL servings). The "wineglassful"—an official unit of the apothecaries' system of weights—is much smaller at 2.5 imp fl oz (71 mL).
As with the hogshead, the ale barrel underwent various redefinitions. Initially 32 ale or beer gallons (147.9 L), it was redefined in 1688 as 34 ale or beer gallons (157.1 L), and again in 1803 as 36 ale or beer gallons (166.4 L). barrel (Beer) The beer barrel was defined as 36 ale or beer gallons until the adoption of the imperial system.
Both the 42-US-gallon (159 L) barrels (based on the old English wine measure), the tierce (159 litres) and the 40-US-gallon (150 L) whiskey barrels were used. Also, 45-US-gallon (170 L) barrels were in common use. The 40 gallon whiskey barrel was the most common size used by early oil producers, since they were readily available at the time.
A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56–61 gallons (0.255–0.277 m 3). [citation needed] Eventually, a hogshead of wine came to be 52.5 imperial gallons (238.669725 L) (63 US gallons), while a hogshead of beer or ale came to be 54 gallons (249.5421 L with the pre-1824 beer and ale gallon, or 245.48886 L with the imperial gallon).