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An umbilical cable or umbilical is a cable and/or hose that supplies required consumables to an apparatus, like a rocket, or to a person, such as a diver or astronaut. It is named by analogy with an umbilical cord .
MODU – mobile offshore drilling unit (either of jack-up drill rig or semi-submersible rig or drill ship) MOF – marine offloading facility; MOPO – matrix of permitted operations; MOPU – mobile offshore production unit (to describe jack-up production rig, or semi-submersible production rig, or floating production, or storage ship)
Subsea production systems are typical wells located on the seabed, shallow or deep water. Generally termed as Floating production system, where the petroleum is extracted at the seabed and the same can be tied back to an already existing production platform or an onshore facility.
Lay methods consist of J-lay and S-lay and can be reel-lay or welded length by length. Pipelaying ships make use of dynamic positioning systems or anchor spreads to maintain the correct position and speed while laying pipe. Recent advances have been made, with pipe being laid in water depths of more than 2,500 metres (8,200 ft).
One of the earliest and most critical tasks in a submarine pipeline planning exercise is the route selection. [5] This selection has to consider a variety of issues, some of a political nature, but most others dealing with geohazards, physical factors along the prospective route, and other uses of the seabed in the area considered.
The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to an embryo, formed by cells of the hypoblast layer of the bilaminar embryonic disc.This is alternatively called the umbilical vesicle by the Terminologia Embryologica (TE), though yolk sac is far more widely used.
A cable protection system (CPS) protects subsea power cables against various factors that could reduce the cable's lifetime, when entering an offshore structure.. When a subsea power cable is laid, there is an area where the cable can be subjected to increased dynamic forces the cable is not necessarily designed to withstand over its lifetime.
ROV at work in an underwater oil and gas field. The ROV is using a torque wrench to adjust a valve on a subsea structure.. A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) [citation needed] or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is a free-swimming submersible craft used to perform underwater observation, inspection and physical tasks such as valve operations, hydraulic functions and other general ...