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A heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink, [1]) is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing regulation of the device's temperature.
An all-in-one (AIO) cooling unit, installed in a case DIY water cooling setup showing a 12 V pump, CPU waterblock and the typical application of a T-Line Schematic of a regular liquid cooling setup for PCs. Liquid cooling is a highly effective method of removing excess heat, with the most common heat transfer fluid in desktop PCs being ...
While a heat sink is a static object, a fan often aids a heat sink by providing increased airflow over the heat sink—thus maintaining a larger temperature gradient by replacing the warmed air more quickly than passive convection achieves alone—this is known as a forced-air system.
A cooling system can do this using an active cooling method (e.g. conduction coupled with forced convection) such as a heat sink with a fan, or any of the two passive cooling methods: thermal radiation or conduction. Typically, a combination of these methods is used.
Passive cooling covers all natural processes and techniques of heat dissipation and modulation without the use of energy. [1] Some authors consider that minor and simple mechanical systems (e.g. pumps and economizers) can be integrated in passive cooling techniques, as long they are used to enhance the effectiveness of the natural cooling process. [7]
Systems can be designed to use passive cooling alone, reducing noise and eliminating moving parts that may fail. This can be achieved by: Natural convection cooling: carefully designed, correctly oriented, and sufficiently large heatsinks can dissipate up to 100 W by natural convection alone; Heatpipes to transfer heat out of the case
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