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The two-step flow of communication model hypothesizes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them to a wider population. It was first introduced by sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld et al. in 1944 [4] and elaborated by Elihu Katz and Lazarsfeld in 1955 [5] and subsequent publications. [6]
Flow is an individual experience and the idea behind flow originated from the sports-psychology theory about an Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning. The individuality of the concept of flow suggests that each person has their subjective area of flow, where they would function best given the situation.
Different modes of two-phase flows. In fluid mechanics, two-phase flow is a flow of gas and liquid — a particular example of multiphase flow.Two-phase flow can occur in various forms, such as flows transitioning from pure liquid to vapor as a result of external heating, separated flows, and dispersed two-phase flows where one phase is present in the form of particles, droplets, or bubbles in ...
In psychology, a dual process theory provides an account of how thought can arise in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes. Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process. Verbalized explicit processes or attitudes and actions may change ...
Late selection models argue that information is selected after processing for meaning, as opposed to during the earlier stages of processing. [21] According to these models, all information is attended to, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Information inputs are processed equivalently, until semantic encoding and analysis can be performed.
In psychology, the four stages of competence, or the "conscious competence" learning model, relates to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill. People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will typically be at one of the stages at a given time.
A simple flowchart representing a process for dealing with a non-functioning lamp.. A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process.A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.
Euler-Euler two phase flow is characterised by the volume-averaged mass conservation equation for each phase. [4] In this model, the disperse and continuous phase are treated as fluids. The concept of a volume fraction is introduced for each phase, discussed in the parameter section below.