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Haim Vital—succeeded Trani in Safed but moved his rabbinate to Jerusalem which, once again, became the sole capital of Israel. In 1586, the Nahmanides Synagogue was confiscated by the Arabs and the ben Zakkai Synagogue was built in its stead. Bezalel Ashkenazi—first chief rabbi to preside in the ben Zakkai Synagogue [3] Gedaliah Cordovero [4]
In 1921 he established the Chief Rabbinate for the Jewish community in Palestine. He remained chief rabbi until his death in 1935. [4] In 1936 Tzvi Pesach Frank was elected Ashkenazi chief rabbi of Jerusalem, and held the position until his death in 1960. [5] Yitzchak Kolitz was appointed the city's Ashkenazi chief rabbi in 1983. [6]
Chief rabbis serve as the head of Israeli religious infrastructure. This includes managing kosher certification, Jewish marriages, and deaths [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They also have significant influence over the question of " Who is a Jew? " [ 4 ] The position is held for a 10-year term, with incumbents unable to run for reelection.
The Chief Rabbinate of Israel consists of two Chief Rabbis: an Ashkenazi rabbi and a Sephardi rabbi; the latter also is known as the Rishon leZion. The Chief Rabbis are elected for 10-year terms. The present Sephardi Chief Rabbi is David Yosef, and the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi is Kalman Ber, both of whom began their terms in 2024. [2] [3]
Note: The Edah HaChareidis is unaffiliated with the State of Israel. It is a separate, independent religious community with its own Chief Rabbis, who are viewed, in the Haredi world, as being the Chief Rabbis of Jerusalem. Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld (1919–1932) Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky (1932–1948) Zelig Reuven Bengis (1948–1953)
A list of List of Sephardi chief rabbis of the Land of Israel exists from the mid-17th century onwards. They were known as the Rishon LeZion (lit. "First to Zion"), and Moshe ben Yonatan Galante, one of the leading Talmudic scholars in Jerusalem who died in 1689, was the first chief rabbi officially recognised by the Ottoman sultan. [53]
Michael Melchior (1954–), activist and Israeli politician, community rabbi in Talpiyot, Jerusalem, Chief Rabbi of Norway Chaim Navon (1973–) Yakov Nagen (1967–), Israeli author, rabbi at Yeshivat Otniel, leader in interfaith peace initiatives between Judaism and Islam
At the head of the rabbinical court system is the Great Rabbinical Court of Appeals in Jerusalem, headed by one of the two chief rabbis of Israel. Since 2013, the Great Rabbinical Court of Appeals is headed by Rabbi David Lau , who also serves as President of the Great Rabbinical Court.