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The half-life of thorium-232 (14 billion years) is more than three times the age of the Earth; thorium-232 therefore occurs in nature as a primordial nuclide.Other thorium isotopes occur in nature in much smaller quantities as intermediate products in the decay chains of uranium-238, uranium-235, and thorium-232.
It was once named Radiothorium, due to its occurrence in the disintegration chain of thorium-232. It has a half-life of 1.9116 years. It undergoes alpha decay to 224 Ra. Occasionally it decays by the unusual route of cluster decay, emitting a nucleus of 20 O and producing stable 208 Pb. It is a daughter isotope of 232 U in the thorium decay series.
The 4n chain of thorium-232 is commonly called the "thorium series" or "thorium cascade". Beginning with naturally occurring thorium-232, this series includes the following elements: actinium, bismuth, lead, polonium, radium, radon and thallium. All are present, at least transiently, in any natural thorium-containing sample, whether metal ...
Multiple values for (maximal) decay energy are mapped to decay modes in their order. The decay energy listed is for the specific nuclide only, not for the whole decay chain. It includes the energy lost to neutrinos. notes column CG Cosmogenic nuclide; DP Naturally occurring decay product (of thorium-232, uranium-238, and uranium-235); ESS
The 4n decay chain of 232 Th, commonly called the "thorium series" In total, 32 radioisotopes have been characterised, which range in mass number from 207 [29] to 238. [27] After 232 Th, the most stable of them (with respective half-lives) are 230 Th (75,380 years), 229 Th (7,917 years), 228 Th (1.92 years), 234 Th (24.10 days), and 227 Th
The single-row parameters, commented "!"=could be required; ..1 – 4 refer to the decay mode dm#= {{Isotopes/main/isotope | mn =! massnumber | sym =! symbol | link = isotope page: uranium-232 | ref = reference for the isotope-row | na =! natural abundancy (can be: synth, trace) | hl =! half-life (can be: stable) | dm1 =! decay mode #1 ...
The Army said O’Hara is believed to be dead, pending positive identification of his body, and that the remains of the two other soldiers have not yet been recovered.
It is much rarer than 227 Ac and 228 Ac, which respectively occur in the decay chains of uranium-235 and thorium-232. Its abundance was estimated as less than 1.1 × 10 −19 relative to 232 Th and around 9.9 × 10 −16 relative to 230 Th in secular equilibrium. [2]