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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
Force-directed graph drawing algorithms assign forces among the set of edges and the set of nodes of a graph drawing.Typically, spring-like attractive forces based on Hooke's law are used to attract pairs of endpoints of the graph's edges towards each other, while simultaneously repulsive forces like those of electrically charged particles based on Coulomb's law are used to separate all pairs ...
The first constitutive equation (constitutive law) was developed by Robert Hooke and is known as Hooke's law.It deals with the case of linear elastic materials.Following this discovery, this type of equation, often called a "stress-strain relation" in this example, but also called a "constitutive assumption" or an "equation of state" was commonly used.
Hooke's law may be written in terms of tensor components using index notation as = +, where δ ij is the Kronecker delta. The two parameters together constitute a parameterization of the elastic moduli for homogeneous isotropic media, popular in mathematical literature, and are thus related to the other elastic moduli ; for instance, the bulk ...
Hooke's law states that the force required to deform elastic objects should be directly proportional to the distance of deformation, regardless of how large that distance becomes. This is known as perfect elasticity , in which a given object will return to its original shape no matter how strongly it is deformed.
The slope of the curve is Hooke's constant "k". The bottom part has schematic pictures of the spring states corresponding to some points of the plot; the arrows represent the forces that need to be applied to the left (free) end to obtain each state. The central picture represents the spring's relaxed state, when no force is applied.
The most general linear relation between two second-rank tensors , is = where are the components of a fourth-rank tensor . [1] [note 1] The elasticity tensor is defined as for the case where and are the stress and strain tensors, respectively.
Anelasticity is therefore by the existence of a part of time dependent reaction, in addition to the elastic one in the material considered. It is also usually a very small fraction of the total response and so, in this sense, the usual meaning of "anelasticity" as "without elasticity" is improper in a physical sense.