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Genetic drift, also known as random genetic drift, allelic drift or the Wright effect, [1] is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random chance. [ 2 ] Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation . [ 3 ]
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals [1] or the differences between populations among the same species. [2] The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. [3] Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as ...
Gene flow, the movement of alleles between populations through migration, can introduce new genetic variation and counteract local adaptation by bringing in alleles less suited to the local environment. In contrast, genetic drift—random fluctuations in allele frequencies—can have strong effects, especially in small populations.
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]
Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies caused by random sampling. [40] That is, the alleles in the offspring are a random sample of those in the parents. [41] Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely, and thereby reduce genetic variability.
Gene flow is the transfer of alleles from one population to another population through immigration of individuals. In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent ...
New genes arise from several different genetic mechanisms including gene duplication, de novo gene birth, retrotransposition, chimeric gene formation, recruitment of non-coding sequence into an existing gene, and gene truncation. Gene duplication initially leads to redundancy.
Random mutations consistently generate genetic variation. [11] A mutation will increase genetic diversity in the short term, as a new gene is introduced to the gene pool. However, the persistence of this gene is dependent of drift and selection (see above).
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