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The siege of Samarkand (1220) took place in 1220 A.D. after Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. The Mongols had laid siege to the border town of Otrar , but finding its defences obdurate, a large force commanded by Genghis and his youngest son ...
The Mongols conquered Samarkand in 1220. Juvayni writes that Genghis killed all who took refuge in the citadel and the mosque, pillaged the city completely, and conscripted 30,000 young men along with 30,000 craftsmen. Samarkand suffered at least one other Mongol sack by Khan Baraq to get treasure he needed to pay
Under Doqshin's leadership, the Mongol army took Nandana from one of the lieutenants of Jalal al-Din, sacked it, then proceeded to besiege the larger Multan. The Mongol army managed to breach the wall but the city was defended successfully by the Khwarazmians; due to the hot weather, the Mongols were forced to retreat after 42 days.
Ruins of Afrasiab – ancient Samarkand destroyed by Genghis Khan. The Mongol invasion of Central Asia is one of the turning points in the history of the region. The Mongols had such a lasting effect because they established the tradition that the legitimate ruler of any Central Asian state could only be a blood descendant of Genghis Khan.
After the attack, the city of Samarkand became a ruin and was deserted. [8]: 703 [15] Mongol soldiers took the city of Otrar after a decisive attack, but the fortress of Otrar resisted for a month (according to some documents, six months). After taking the fortress of Otrar, Mongols killed all the defenders of the city and the fortress.
He was defeated and retreated. Realizing that Timur was also defeated, he realized that he had lost the battle and fled towards Samarkand. [citation needed] The Mongols came and besieged Samarkand, Timur's capital, neither Amir Hussein nor Timur faced the Mongols. Samarkand was left to its fate, and by their own efforts they defeated the Mongols.
The Mongol invasion of Central Asia however would entail the utter destruction of the Khwarezmid Empire along with the massacre of much of the civilian population of the region. According to Juvaini, the Mongols ordered only one round of slaughter in Khwarezm and Transoxiana, but systematically exterminated a particularly large portion of the ...
Siege of Samarkand (1220), in which the Mongols captured the city; Siege of Samarkand (1490s), a siege or series of two sieges of the city in either 1494 or 1496; Siege of Samarkand (1497), a siege of the city in May 1497 in which Babur successfully captured the city; Siege of Samarkand (1501), a siege of the city in 1501 in which Babur failed ...