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Atoms beginning with a capital letter must also be quoted, to distinguish them from variables. The empty list, written [], is also an atom. Other examples of atoms include x, blue, 'Taco', and 'some atom'. Numbers can be floats or integers. Many Prolog implementations also provide unbounded integers and rational numbers.
This article describes the syntax and semantics of the purely declarative subset of these languages. Confusingly, the name "logic programming" also refers to a specific programming language that roughly corresponds to the declarative subset of Prolog. Unfortunately, the term must be used in both senses in this article.
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics. [1] [2] [3]Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.
Ciao Prolog, for example, ... semantics of Horn clause programs is the satisfiability semantics, ... with first element Head followed by list Tail, as in Prolog.
For example, #<latex> could indicate the start of a block of LaTeX formatted documentation. Scheme and Racket The next complete syntactic component (s-expression) can be commented out with #; .
Using Prolog's notation for lists, a singleton list prefix P = [H] can be seen as the difference between [H|X] and X, and thus represented with the pair ([H|X],X), for instance. Saying that P is the difference between A and B is the same as saying that append(P,B,A) holds. Or in the case of the previous example, append([H],X,[H|X]).
The following Comparison of Prolog implementations provides a reference for the relative feature sets and performance of different implementations of the Prolog computer programming language. A comprehensive discussion of the most significant Prolog systems is presented in an article published in the 50-years of Prolog anniversary issue of the ...
B-Prolog is a commercial product, but it can be used for learning and non-profit research purposes free of charge (since version 7.8 for individual users, including commercial individual users, B-Prolog is free of charge [4]). B-Prolog is not anymore actively developed, but it forms the basis for the Picat programming language.