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Some concordats guarantee the Catholic Church the tax-exempt status of a charity, being by fact the largest charitable institution in the world, either stating this explicitly, as in Brazil (2008, Article 15) [11] and Italy (1984, Article 7.3), [12] or phrasing it indirectly, as in Portugal (2004, art. 12).
During this period, the Church was also a major patron of engineering for the construction of elaborate cathedrals. Since the Renaissance, Catholic scientists have been credited as fathers of a diverse range of scientific fields: Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) pioneered heliocentrism, René Descartes (1596-1650) father of analytical geometry and co-founder of modern philosophy, Jean-Baptiste ...
The canon law of the Catholic Church has all the ordinary elements of a mature legal system: laws, courts, lawyers, judges. [8] The canon law of the Catholic Church is articulated in the legal code for the Latin Church [9] as well as a code for the Eastern Catholic Churches. [9]
Félix Dujardin (1801–1860) – biologist remembered for his research on protozoans and other invertebrates; became a devout Catholic later in life and was known to read The Imitation of Christ [24] Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884) – chemist who established new values for the atomic mass of thirty elements
"for having uplifted the poor and exploited by means of education and self-help projects and having revitalized an ever-widening area of famine-threatened India with a movement based on the most fundamental of human values, a most significant contribution to the achievement of peace in our age, uplifting the poor and exploited by means of ...
Under consecrators are the numbers (or letters) referencing previous bishops on the list. The number listed first represents the principal consecrator. If a series of letters is under "Consecrators", then the consecrators were bishops from outside the United States (the list of foreign sees is at the bottom of the page).
Religious institute (Catholic) Religious order; Religious priest – see: Regular clergy (above) Rite to Being – the rite of being left alone to pray to Jesus Christ; Religious sister – see: Sister (below) Right of Option – a way of obtaining a benefice or a title, by the choice of the new titulary; Roman Catholic – the Roman rite of ...
Catholic moral theology is a major category of doctrine in the Catholic Church, equivalent to a religious ethics. Moral theology encompasses Catholic social teaching, Catholic medical ethics, sexual ethics, and various doctrines on individual moral virtue and moral theory. It can be distinguished as dealing with "how one is to act", in contrast ...