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The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. [1] These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together. [2]
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
The human male urethra laid open on its anterior (upper) surface. In the human male, the urethra is on average 18 to 20 centimeters (7 to 8 inches) long and opens at the end of the external urethral meatus. [10] The urethra is divided into four parts in men, named after the location: [10]
urogenital sinus [5] genital tubercle; urogenital folds; cloacal membrane; labioscrotal folds [6] The prostate gland derives from the urogenital sinus, and the other embryonic structures differentiate into the external genitalia. In the absence of testicular secretions, the female genitalia are formed.
The urogenital sinus divides into three parts, with the upper and largest part becoming the bladder; the middle part becoming the urethra, and the lower part changes depending on the biological sex of the embryo. [17] The human bladder derives from the urogenital sinus, and it is initially continuous with the allantois.
An organ system like a vulva does not exist. The vulva of a placental consists of the following along with its variations: Clitoris: Made up of the root, glans and body and is usually retracted into a prepuce. Inside the clitoris of many non-human placentals is the baubellum, a small bone that possibly has origins in copulation.
The urogenital sinus is a body part of a human or other placental only present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is the ventral part of the cloaca, formed after the cloaca separates from the anal canal during the fourth to seventh weeks of development.
Henry Gray (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. 3. The Urogenital Apparatus; UNSW Embryology - Development of the Kidney and Reproduction Systems; How the Body Works / Sex Development / Sexual Differentiation / Duct Differentiation - The Hospital for Sick Children (GTA - Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
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