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  2. Particle velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_velocity

    Particle velocity (denoted v or SVL) is the velocity of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. The SI unit of particle velocity is the metre per second (m/s). In many cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure as with sound , but it can also be a transverse wave as with the vibration of a taut string.

  3. Effective mass (solid-state physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_mass_(solid...

    One remarkable property is that the effective mass can become negative, when the band curves downwards away from a maximum. As a result of the negative mass , the electrons respond to electric and magnetic forces by gaining velocity in the opposite direction compared to normal; even though these electrons have negative charge, they move in ...

  4. Equations of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_of_motion

    The Lagrangian indicates an additional detail: the canonical momentum in Lagrangian mechanics is given by: = ˙ = ˙ + instead of just mv, implying the motion of a charged particle is fundamentally determined by the mass and charge of the particle. The Lagrangian expression was first used to derive the force equation.

  5. Stokes' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_law

    If a particle only experiences its own weight while falling in a viscous fluid, then a terminal velocity is reached when the sum of the frictional and the buoyant forces on the particle due to the fluid exactly balances the gravitational force. This velocity v [m/s] is given by: [7]

  6. Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell–Boltzmann...

    The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution applies fundamentally to particle velocities in three dimensions, but turns out to depend only on the speed (the magnitude of the velocity) of the particles. A particle speed probability distribution indicates which speeds are more likely: a randomly chosen particle will have a speed selected randomly from ...

  7. Mass in special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity

    The invariant mass is calculated excluding the kinetic energy of the system as a whole (calculated using the single velocity of the box, which is to say the velocity of the box's center of mass), while the relativistic mass is calculated including invariant mass plus the kinetic energy of the system which is calculated from the velocity of the ...

  8. Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics

    Eliminating the angular velocity dθ/dt from this radial equation, [47] ¨ = +. which is the equation of motion for a one-dimensional problem in which a particle of mass μ is subjected to the inward central force −dV/dr and a second outward force, called in this context the (Lagrangian) centrifugal force (see centrifugal force#Other uses of ...

  9. Momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum

    It is the product of two quantities, the particle's mass (represented by the letter m) and its velocity (v): [1] =. The unit of momentum is the product of the units of mass and velocity. In SI units, if the mass is in kilograms and the velocity is in meters per second then the momentum is in kilogram meters per second (kg⋅m/s).