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The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 8.3% of the population. [14] 22.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 26.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. [9]
The algebraic symbols b, d and r stand for the rates of birth, death, and the rate of change per individual in the general population, the intrinsic rate of increase. This formula can be read as the rate of change in the population (dN/dt) is equal to births minus deaths (B − D). [2] [13] [17]
In demography and population dynamics, the rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as natural population change, is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population, over a particular time period. [1] It is typically expressed either as a number per 1,000 individuals in the population [2] or as a percentage. [3]
As an example, Canada's net population growth was 2.7 percent in the year 2022, dividing 72 by 2.7 gives an approximate doubling time of about 27 years. Thus if that growth rate were to remain constant, Canada's population would double from its 2023 figure of about 39 million to about 78 million by 2050. [2]
P 0 = P(0) is the initial population size, r = the population growth rate, which Ronald Fisher called the Malthusian parameter of population growth in The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, [2] and Alfred J. Lotka called the intrinsic rate of increase, [3] [4] t = time. The model can also be written in the form of a differential equation:
In the study of age-structured population growth, probably one of the most important equations is the Euler–Lotka equation.Based on the age demographic of females in the population and female births (since in many cases it is the females that are more limited in the ability to reproduce), this equation allows for an estimation of how a population is growing.
Rates are the average annual number of births or deaths during a year per 1,000 persons; these are also known as crude birth or death rates. Column four is from the UN Population Division [3] and shows a projection for the average natural increase rate for the time period shown using the medium fertility variant. Blank cells in column four ...
When calculating or discussing relative growth rate, it is important to pay attention to the units of time being considered. [ 2 ] For example, if an initial population of S 0 bacteria doubles every twenty minutes, then at time interval t {\displaystyle t} it is given by solving the equation: