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De Gruyter. pp. 1– 10. ISBN 978-3-11-021530-4. (Chapter 1 Laplace transforms and completely monotone functions) D. V. Widder (1946). The Laplace Transform. Princeton University Press. See Chapter III The Moment Problem (pp. 100 - 143) and Chapter IV Absolutely and Completely Monotonic Functions (pp. 144 - 179). Milan Merkle (2014).
In calculus, a function defined on a subset of the real numbers with real values is called monotonic if it is either entirely non-decreasing, or entirely non-increasing. [2] That is, as per Fig. 1, a function that increases monotonically does not exclusively have to increase, it simply must not decrease.
Similarly, if the function "switches" from decreasing to increasing at the point, then it will achieve a least value at that point. If the function fails to "switch" and remains increasing or remains decreasing, then no highest or least value is achieved. One can examine a function's monotonicity without calculus.
The theorem states that if you have an infinite matrix of non-negative real numbers , such that the rows are weakly increasing and each is bounded , where the bounds are summable < then, for each column, the non decreasing column sums , are bounded hence convergent, and the limit of the column sums is equal to the sum of the "limit column ...
If a sequence is either increasing or decreasing it is called a monotone sequence. This is a special case of the more general notion of a monotonic function. The terms nondecreasing and nonincreasing are often used in place of increasing and decreasing in order to avoid any possible confusion with strictly increasing and strictly decreasing ...
In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. [1] It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus —the study of the area beneath a curve.
for the infinite series. Note that if the function () is increasing, then the function () is decreasing and the above theorem applies.. Many textbooks require the function to be positive, [1] [2] [3] but this condition is not really necessary, since when is negative and decreasing both = and () diverge.
Assume that () is a strictly monotone and divergent sequence (i.e. strictly increasing and approaching +, or strictly decreasing and approaching ) and the following limit exists: lim n → ∞ a n + 1 − a n b n + 1 − b n = l .