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The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts. Some of the nickel is oxidized to Ni 2+ while the gold is reduced to metallic state. A variant of this process adds a thin layer of electroless palladium over the nickel, a process known by the acronym ENEPIG. [1]
A barrier metal layer is used to counter this effect; these can be nickel or rhodium. Copper, which also migrates into gold, does so more slowly than silver. The copper is usually further plated with nickel. A gold-plated silver article is usually a silver substrate with layers of copper, nickel, and gold deposited on top of it.
The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts. This process is known in the industry as electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). A variant of this process adds a thin layer of electroless palladium over the nickel, a process known by the acronym ENEPIG. [19]
Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin. [ 3 ] To clean and protect the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating , cleaning, masking, pickling , and etching may be used. [ 1 ]
While the INCO flash furnace at Sudbury was the first commercial use of oxygen flash smelting, [6] fewer smelters use the INCO flash furnace than the Outokumpu flash furnace. [4] Flash smelting with oxygen-enriched air (the 'reaction gas') makes use of the energy contained in the concentrate to supply most of the energy required by the furnaces.
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Most metal ores contain metals of interest (e.g. gold, copper, nickel) in some oxidized states and thus the goal of most metallurgical operations is to chemically reduce them to their pure metallic form. The question is how to convert highly impure metal ores into purified bulk metals.
(Reuters) -A glitch at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) triggered massive swings in the shares of Berkshire Hathaway and Barrick Gold, and trading halts in dozens of other companies on Monday ...