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Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family. Antlers are a single structure composed of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, skin, nerves, and blood vessels. They are generally found only on males, with the exception of reindeer/caribou. [1]
The size and complexity of the antlers increase every year and then remain relatively fixed from the age of 5 onward. The annual development of the antlers is at least partially controlled by ...
In the largest subspecies, the antlers of large bulls can range up to 100 cm (39 in) in width and 135 cm (53 in) in beam length. They have the largest antlers relative to body size among living deer species. [116] Antler size measured in number of points reflects the nutritional status of the reindeer and climate variation of its environment.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 5 November 2024. Species of hooved mammal White-tailed deer Male (buck or stag) Female (doe) O. v. nelsoni with juveniles (fawns) Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) Secure (NatureServe) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order ...
Western European red deer, historically, grew to large size given ample food supply (including people's crops), and descendants of introduced populations living in New Zealand and Argentina have grown quite large in both body and antler size. Large red deer stags, like the Caspian red deer or those of the Carpathian Mountains, may rival North ...
The mule deer is the larger of the three Odocoileus species on average, with a height of 80–106 cm (31–42 in) at the shoulders and a nose-to-tail length ranging from 1.2 to 2.1 m (3.9 to 6.9 ft). Of this, the tail may comprise 11.6 to 23 cm (4.6 to 9.1 in).
For body size, at about 450–600 kg (990–1,320 lb) and up to 700 kg (1,540 lb) or more, [34] [33] [35] the Irish elk was the heaviest known cervine ("Old World deer"); [5] and tied with the extant Alaska moose (Alces alces gigas) as the third largest known deer, after the extinct Cervalces latifrons and Cervalces scotti.
Roe deer in a grassland area Young roe deer Roe deer antler Moulting roe buck with freshly rubbed antlers The roe deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95–135 cm (3 ft 1 in – 4 ft 5 in) throughout its range, and a shoulder height of 63–67 cm (2 ft 1 in – 2 ft 2 in), and a weight of 15–35 kg (35–75 lb). [ 30 ]