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Nothing by mouth. Nothing by mouth is an American medical instruction meaning to withhold food and fluids. It is also known as nil per os (npo or NPO), a Latin phrase that translates to English as "nothing through the mouth". Nil by mouth is the term used in the UK (NBM), nihil / non / nulla per os, or complete bowel rest. [1]
Preoperative fasting. Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation. This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration) while the patient is under general anesthesia. [1]
The syndrome can occur at the beginning of treatment for eating disorders when patients have an increase in calorie intake and can be fatal. It can also occur when someone does not eat for several days at a time usually beginning after 4–5 days with no food. [5] It can also occur after the onset of a severe illness or major surgery. The ...
In morbidly obese people, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight loss and reducing complications. [5][6][7][8][9] A 2021 meta-analysis found that bariatric surgery was associated with reduction in all-cause mortality among obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes. [10]
Dumping syndrome occurs when food, especially sugar, moves too quickly from the stomach to the duodenum —the first part of the small intestine—in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This condition is also called rapid gastric emptying. [1] It is mostly associated with conditions following gastric or esophageal surgery, though it can also ...
A mechanical soft diet or edentulous diet, or soft food (s) diet, is a diet that involves only foods that are physically soft, with the goal of reducing or eliminating the need to chew the food. It is recommended for people who have difficulty chewing food, including people with some types of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), the loss of many ...
Nausea and vomiting can be extremely distressing for patients, and so is one of their major concerns. [10] Vomiting has been associated with major complications, such as pulmonary aspiration of gastric content, and might endanger surgical outcomes after certain procedures, for example after maxillofacial surgery with wired jaws.
Bowel resection. A bowel resection or enterectomy (enter- + -ectomy) is a surgical procedure in which a part of an intestine (bowel) is removed, from either the small intestine or large intestine. Often the word enterectomy is reserved for the sense of small bowel resection, in distinction from colectomy, which covers the sense of large bowel ...