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The rupiah (symbol: Rp; currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, rupyakam (रूप्यकम्). [4] Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word perak (' silver ' in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins.
The first coin-like products found in Indonesia date from the 9th century Buddhist Sailendran dynasty and were produced in Indonesia until the 12th century: gold and silver massa (emas is the modern Indonesian word for "gold"), tahil and kupang, often described with the letter ma for massa or the image of sandalwood flower.
Lower denominations (below 5 gulden) were issued by the government in 1919–1920 and in 1939–1940 due to wartime metal shortages, but otherwise day-to-day transactions were conducted using coinage. Gulden notes were issued by "The Japanese Government" during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies from 1942, becoming "roepiah" in 1943.
Under Indonesian law originally enacted by the Dutch, the government was responsible for the issue of money with values below Rp5 (in Dutch times gulden), and hence all coins bore the name of Indonesia, rather than the central bank. The denominations were Rp0.01, Rp0.05, Rp0.10, Rp0.25 and Rp0.50.
The Indonesian two thousand rupiah banknote (Rp2,000) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah. First introduced on July 9, 2009, [1] it was made legal tender the following day and has since been modified two times, first in 2016 and then in 2022. All notes of this denomination are printed in cotton paper since its introduction. [2]
The Indonesian one hundred thousand rupiah banknote (Rp100,000) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah. Being the highest and second-newest denomination of the rupiah (after the Rp2,000 note), it was first introduced on November 1, 1999, as a polymer banknote [1] [2] before switching to cotton paper in 2004; [3] all notes have been printed using the latter ever since.
The Indonesian one hundred rupiah coin (Rp100) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah.First introduced in 1973 in cupronickel, it has been revised four times throughout its history, changing materials in 1991 (to aluminum-bronze) and 1999 (to aluminum).
The Indonesian five hundred rupiah coin (Rp500) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah. It was introduced in 1991 and has since been revised three times in 1997, 2003, and 2016. It currently has the second-highest value of all circulating rupiah coins after the Rp1,000 coin. As of December 2023, only alumunium 500 rupiah coins, dated 2003 ...