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Equine chorionic gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares.Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination.
In the 1980s, Australian researchers developed a laparoscopic insemination procedure which, combined with the use of progestogen and a pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin , yielded much higher success rates (50-80% or more), and has become the standard for artificial insemination of sheep in the 21st century.
When a mare is pregnant, she is said to be "in foal". When the mare gives birth, she is "foaling", and the impending birth is usually stated as "to foal". A newborn horse is "foaled". After a horse is one year old, it is no longer a foal, and is a "yearling". There are no special age-related terms for young horses older than yearlings.
The minimum cost of breeding for a mare owner includes the stud fee, and the cost of proper nutrition, management and veterinary care of the mare throughout gestation, parturition, and care of both mare and foal up to the time of weaning. Veterinary expenses may be higher if specialized reproductive technologies are used or health complications ...
They are a placenta-associated structure, [2] found in the uterine wall of a mare from about 38 to 150 days into a pregnancy. After about 70 days, they begin to regress, [3] and are eventually destroyed by the immune system. [2] They begin to develop at approximately 25 days of pregnancy, deriving from the chorionic girdle.
If the mare was prevented from doing so, she would feel no affection for the foal and refuse to feed it, which is why it was believed that the power of love was concentrated in the hippomanes. The vulval discharge from the mare in oestrus was also referred to as Hippomanes in antiquity and was used equally for love potions and love spells. [8] [9]
When under hard work, or if a mare is lactating, water requirements may be as much as four times greater than normal. [1] [15] In the winter, snow is not a sufficient source of water for horses. [16] Though they need a great deal of water, horses spend very little time drinking; usually 1–8 minutes a day, spread out in 2-8 episodes. [14]
A broodmare. Note slight distension of belly, indicating either early pregnancy or recent foaling. A mare is an adult female horse or other equine. [1] In most cases, a mare is a female horse over the age of three, and a filly is a female horse three and younger.