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Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) [3] is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, [4][5] and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard. [6] MSA is the language used in literature, academia ...
This article deals primarily with Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), which is the standard variety shared by educated speakers throughout Arabic-speaking regions. MSA is used in writing in formal print media and orally in newscasts, speeches and formal declarations of numerous types. [2] Modern Standard Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel ...
In other words, Arabic in its natural environment usually occurs in a situation of diglossia, which means that its native speakers often learn and use two linguistic forms substantially different from each other, the Modern Standard Arabic (often called MSA in English) as the official language and a local colloquial variety (called ...
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), is the standard variety shared by educated speakers throughout Arabic-speaking regions. MSA is used in writing in formal print media and orally in newscasts, speeches and formal declarations of numerous types. [124] Modern Standard Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.
Arabic is a language cluster comprising 30 or so modern varieties. [1] Arabic is the lingua franca of people who live in countries of the Arab world as well as of Arabs who live in the diaspora, particularly in Latin America (especially Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia) or Western Europe (like France, Spain, Germany or Italy).
Lebanon's native language, Levantine Arabic, [ 1 ] is the main language used in conversations. MSA, despite being Lebanon's second language by number of users, [ 1 ] is almost never used in conversations, [ 5 ] while English [ 33 ] and French [ 34 ] are, even between some native speakers of Levantine. Western Armenian and Kurdish are used by ...
Northern Levantine Arabic, spoken in Lebanon, Syria (except the Hauran area south of Damascus) and Northern Israel. It is characterized by: a widespread pronunciation of /q/ as [ʔ] (the Druze, however, retain the uvular [q]). A strong tendency to pronounce long /aː/ as [eː] (imala) in a front phonemic context or [oː] (tafkhim) in a back ...
In Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), nouns and adjectives ( اِسْمٌ ism) are declined, according to case (i‘rāb), state (definiteness), gender and number. In colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as the loss of certain final vowels and the loss of case. A number of derivational ...