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Tactile discrimination is the ability to differentiate information through the sense of touch. ... Spatial discrimination, Graphesthesia, and Two-point discrimination.
Graphesthesia can be considered as a type of synthetic sensation as it involves a complex interaction between three neural components i.e. Tactile sensation, two point discrimination and cortical component that stores infirmation about the symbol/letter that is being traced in the skin and was learned through some previous experience.
Two-point discrimination (2PD) is the ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one.It is often tested with two sharp points during a neurological examination [1]: 632 [2]: 71 and is assumed to reflect how finely innervated an area of skin is.
This sensory information is transmitted by the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway of the spinal cord, which also carries the sensations of fine touch, stereognosis, tactile pressure, graphesthesia, texture recognition, kinesthesia, two-point discrimination, proprioception, and vibration.
Agraphesthesia, or the lack of graphesthesia ability, results from brain damage, particularly to the parietal lobe, thalamus, and secondary somatosensory cortex. [1]A significant relationship has been found between agraphesthesia and people living with Alzheimer's disease.
Haptic perception (Greek: haptόs "palpable", haptikόs "suitable for touch") means literally the ability "to grasp something", and is also known as stereognosis. Perception in this case is achieved through the active exploration of surfaces and objects by a moving subject, as opposed to passive contact by a static subject during tactile perception. [1]
Astereognosis (or tactile agnosia if only one hand is affected) is the inability to identify an object by active touch of the hands without other sensory input, such as visual or sensory information. An individual with astereognosis is unable to identify objects by handling them, despite intact elementary tactile, proprioceptive, and thermal ...
This photo shows tactile markings identifying stairs for visually impaired people. The somatosensory system , or somatic sensory system is a subset of the sensory nervous system . It has two subdivisions, one for the detection of mechanosensory information related to touch, and the other for the nociception detection of pain and temperature. [ 1 ]