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Communicative language teaching. Communicative language teaching (CLT), or the communicative approach (CA), is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study. Learners in environments using communication to learn and practice the target language by communication with one another and ...
Language pedagogy. Language pedagogy is the discipline concerned with the theories and techniques of teaching language. It has been described as a type of teaching wherein the teacher draws from their own prior knowledge and actual experience in teaching language. [1] The approach is distinguished from research-based methodologies.
Merrill Swain is the co-author or co-editor of 12 books or special issues, 95 book chapters, and 135 papers in refereed journals. [6] Listed here is a small sample of her numerous works. Barik, H. C., & Swain, M. (1974). English-French bilingual education in the early grades: The Elgin study. The Modern Language Journal, 58 (8), 392-403.
Language learning strategies is a term referring to the actions that are consciously deployed by language learners to help them learn or use a language more effectively. [1] [2] They have also been defined as "thoughts and actions, consciously chosen and operationalized by language learners, to assist them in carrying out a multiplicity of tasks from the very outset of learning to the most ...
It is a dynamic process in which multilingual speakers navigate complex social and cognitive demands through strategic employment of multiple languages. [9] Translanguaging involves issues of language production, effective communication, the function of language, and the thought processes behind language use. [10]
The Language Experience Approach (LEA) is a method for teaching literacy based on a child's existing experience of language. Some of the components of the LEA were used in the 1920s, and this approach to initial literacy has been more widely used for the past thirty years. Especially in the context of open learning, teachers use the students ...
The notion of communicative competence is one of the theories that underlies the communicative approach to foreign language teaching. [5] At least three core models exist. The first and most widely used is Canale and Swain's model [6] and the later iteration by Canale. [7] In a second model, sociocultural content is more precisely specified by ...
Language education – the process and practice of teaching a second or foreign language – is primarily a branch of applied linguistics, but can be an interdisciplinary field. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences , and multiple literacies.