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After studying the Bible, Parham came to the conclusion that speaking in tongues was the Bible evidence that one had received the baptism with the Holy Spirit. In 1900, Parham opened Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas , America, where he taught initial evidence, a Charismatic belief about how to initiate the practice.
The fathers of Holiness Pentecostalism, Charles Parham (who established Bethel Bible College) and William Seymour (who organized the Azusa Street Revival) taught that in addition to the first work of the New Birth and the second work of entire sanctification, there was a third work of grace evidenced by speaking in tongues. [1]
The second, more properly called charismata, are extraordinary favours granted for the help of others. They are listed in (1 Corinthians 12:8-10): "The word of wisdom, the word of knowledge, faith, the grace of healing, the working of miracles, prophecy, the discerning of spirits, diverse kinds of tongues, interpretation of speeches". [10]
Charles Fox Parham was originally a Wesleyan-Holiness preacher, and in 1901, under his ministry "a student had spoken in tongues (glossolalia)" and Parham thought this to be evidence of baptism in the Holy Spirit. [6] Parham established Bethel Bible College to train students in what he called the "Apostolic Faith" (Holiness Pentecostalism). [6]
Simpson believed that Pentecostal tongues speaking was a legitimate manifestation of the Holy Spirit, but he did not believe it was a necessary evidence of Spirit baptism. This view on speaking in tongues ultimately led to what became known as the "Alliance position" articulated by A. W. Tozer as "seek not—forbid not". [72]
Henry Alford suggests that "we may safely decide for the former reference" (the sound from heaven) because the writer would have written "φωναί" (phōnai: plural) if the multiple voices spoken in tongues was intended. [9] The paraphrase in The Living Bible emphasizes the same reading: "when they heard the roaring in the sky above the house ...
The traditional Holiness movement is distinct from the Holiness Pentecostal movement, the latter of which believes that the baptism in the Holy Spirit is a third work of grace of empowerment that involves supernatural manifestations such as speaking in unknown tongues. On the other hand, the holiness movement views entire sanctification and ...
El Greco's depiction of Pentecost, with tongues of fire and a dove representing the Holy Spirit's descent (c. 1600) The phrase "baptized in the Holy Spirit" occurs two times in Acts of the Apostles, first in Acts 1:4–5 and second in Acts 11:16. Other terminology is used in Acts to indicate Spirit baptism, such as "filled" (Acts 2:4).