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The first Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia since the restoration of autocephaly was Kyrion II Sadzaglishvili (1917–1918). To this date there have been 82 Catholicos-Patriarchs, of this 7 have been formally glorified by the Georgian Orthodox Church. The incumbent Catholicos-Patriarch of the church is Patriarch Ilia II since 1977.
The heads of the Georgian Orthodox Church and its predecessors in the ancient Georgian Kingdom of Iberia (i.e. Kartli) have borne the title of Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia since 1010, except between 1811 and 1917, when the Church was subordinated to the Russian Orthodox Church as part of the Russian imperial policies.
The first head bishop of the Georgia Church to carry the title of Patriarch was Melkisedek I (1010–1033). Since 1977, Ilia II (born in 1933) has served as the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia and Archbishop of Mtskheta and Tbilisi. Here is a list of the Catholicos-Patriarchs since the church restored autocephaly in 1917: [56] Kyrion II ...
In 2006, Benedict XVI renounced the title of "Patriarch of the West" (Patriarcha Occidentis). [1] In 2024, Pope Francis reinstated the title of "Patriarch of the West" (Patriarcha Occidentis), reversing the decision by the previous Pope Benedict XVI; the title reinstatement was meant to bring closer ties to the other Patriarchs in the Eastern Orthodox faith.
Eastern patriarchates of the Pentarchy, after the Council of Chalcedon (451). Patriarchate (/ ˈ p eɪ t r i ɑːr k ɪ t,-k eɪ t /, UK also / ˈ p æ t r i-/; [1] Ancient Greek: πατριαρχεῖον, patriarcheîon) is an ecclesiological term in Christianity, designating the office and jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch.
The Western Catholic patriarchates are not autocephalous, like their Eastern Catholic counterparts; they are largely honorific titles, and the other patriarchs are all subject to the Patriarch of Rome, i.e. the Pope. [citation needed]
The patriarch hastily convened the Holy Synod and announced withdrawal from the WCC. [4] [5] In 2002, the then-president of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze and Ilia II signed a concordat whereby the Georgian Orthodox Church was granted a number of privileges, and holders of the office of patriarch were given legal immunity. [6] [7]
The title of patriarch was also adopted prior to the end of the fifth century. [4] In the Schism of 1552, the Church of the East was split into two separate lines of patriarchs following the election of Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa as patriarch and his establishment of union with the Catholic Church in 1553. [5]