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Genentech, Inc. is an American biotechnology corporation headquartered in South San Francisco, California, wholly owned by the Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company, the Roche Group. It became an independent subsidiary of Roche in 2009. Genentech Research and Early Development operates as an independent center within Roche. [6]
Flavr Savr (also known as CGN-89564-2; pronounced "flavor saver"), a genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. It was developed by the Californian company Calgene in the 1980s. [1]
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Genetically modified plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colours in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors .
Gene guns (also known as biolistics) "shoot" (direct high energy particles or radiations against [57]) target genes into plant cells. It is the most common method. It is the most common method. DNA is bound to tiny particles of gold or tungsten which are subsequently shot into plant tissue or single plant cells under high pressure.
A plant peptide hormone, systemin, was first identified in tomato plants and genetic modification has been used to demonstrate its function, by adding antisense genes to silence the native gene or by adding extra copies of the native gene. [46] [47]
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In 1976 Genentech, the first genetic engineering company was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson and a year later the company produced a human protein (somatostatin) in E.coli. Genentech announced the production of genetically engineered human insulin in 1978. [75] In 1980 the U.S. Supreme Court in the Diamond v.