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Number of isomers [3] [4] Number of isomers including stereoisomers [3] [5] Molecular Formula Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride ...
The number of possible isomers increases rapidly with the number of carbon atoms. For example, for acyclic alkanes: [3] C 1: methane only; C 2: ethane only; C 3: propane only; C 4: 2 isomers: butane and isobutane; C 5: 3 isomers: pentane, isopentane, and neopentane; C 6: 5 isomers: hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane ...
The enzyme methane monooxygenase produces methanol from methane, but cannot be used for industrial-scale reactions. [19] Some homogeneously catalyzed systems and heterogeneous systems have been developed, but all have significant drawbacks. These generally operate by generating protected products which are shielded from overoxidation.
Alcohols have a long history of myriad uses. For simple mono-alcohols, which is the focus on this article, the following are most important industrial alcohols: [25] methanol, mainly for the production of formaldehyde and as a fuel additive; ethanol, mainly for alcoholic beverages, fuel additive, solvent, and to sterilize hospital instruments. [26]
Methanol is primarily converted to formaldehyde, which is widely used in many areas, especially polymers. The conversion entails oxidation: 2 CH 3 OH + O 2 → 2 CH 2 O + 2 H 2 O. Acetic acid can be produced from methanol. The Cativa process converts methanol into acetic acid. [35] Methanol and isobutene are combined to give methyl tert-butyl ...
Ball-and-stick model of the methane molecule, CH 4. Methane is part of a homologous series known as the alkanes, which contain single bonds only. In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. [1]: 620 Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides.
Functional isomers are structural isomers which have different functional groups, resulting in significantly different chemical and physical properties. [ 11 ] An example is the pair propanal H 3 C–CH 2 –C(=O)-H and acetone H 3 C–C(=O)–CH 3 : the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an aldehyde , whereas the second has ...
Icosane (alternative spelling eicosane and eichosane [2]) is an alkane with the chemical formula C 20 H 42.It has 366,319 constitutional isomers.. n-Icosane (the straight-chain structural isomer of icosane) is the shortest compound found in paraffin waxes used to form candles.