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3–7% [ 2][ 5] Dyslexia, previously known as word blindness, is a learning disability ('learning difficulty' in the UK [ 6]) that affects either reading or writing. [ 1][ 7] Different people are affected to different degrees. [ 3] Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the ...
Dyslexia is a disorder characterized by problems with the visual notation of speech, which in most languages of European origin are problems with alphabet writing systems which have a phonetic construction. [1] Examples of these issues can be problems speaking in full sentences, problems correctly articulating Rs and Ls as well as Ms and Ns ...
Pre-1900. The concept of "word-blindness" ( German: "wortblindheit"), as an isolated condition, was first developed by the German physician Adolph Kussmaul in 1877. [ 1][ 2] Identified by Oswald Berkhan in 1881, [ 3] the term 'dyslexia' was later coined in 1887 by Rudolf Berlin, [ 4] an ophthalmologist practicing in Stuttgart, Germany. [ 5]
Dyslexia is a common language-based learning disability. Dyslexia can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders. [15] The greatest difficult those with the disorder have is with spoken and the written word.
Dyslexia is a reading disorder wherein an individual experiences trouble with reading. Individuals with dyslexia have normal levels of intelligence but can exhibit difficulties with spelling, reading fluency, pronunciation, "sounding out" words, writing out words, and reading comprehension. The neurological nature and underlying causes of ...
Definition. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence.
Dyslexia does not affect general intelligence, but is often co-diagnosed with ADHD. [1] [2] There are at least three sub-types of dyslexia that have been recognized by researchers: orthographic, or surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia and mixed dyslexia where individuals exhibit symptoms of both orthographic and phonological dyslexia. [3]
Deep dyslexia differs from other forms of central dyslexia (phonological dyslexia and surface dyslexia) in that deep dyslexics have many more symptoms and these symptoms are generally more severe. [4] [16] [17] According to the "continuum" hypothesis, deep dyslexia is a more severe form of phonological dyslexia. [16] [17] [18]