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Pitirim Sorokin defines horizontal mobility as a change in religious, regional, political, or other horizontal shifts without any change in vertical position. [ 2] According to Andrew W. Lind, horizontal mobility occurs when a person changes their profession, but their social status remains unchanged. Eg. if a doctor switches from a job in ...
Flat organization. A flat organization (also known as horizontal organization or flat hierarchy) is an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between staff and executives. An organizational structure refers to the nature of the distribution of the units and positions within it, and also to the nature of the ...
Mobilities. Mobilities is a contemporary paradigm in the social sciences that explores the movement of people ( human migration, individual mobility, travel, transport ), ideas (see e.g. meme) and things (transport), as well as the broader social implications of those movements. Mobility can also be thought as the movement of people through ...
Marketing. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. A company may do this via internal expansion or through mergers and acquisitions. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market ...
According to the UN, an NGO is a private, not-for-profit organization which is independent of government control and is not merely an opposition political party. [ 65] The rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in Western countries as a result of the restructuring of the welfare state.
Nonprofit organization. A nonprofit organization ( NPO ), also known as a nonbusiness entity, [ 1] nonprofit institution, [ 2] or simply a nonprofit, [ a] is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, as opposed to an entity that operates as a business aiming to generate a profit for its owners.
Free Papua Movement. The Free Papua Movement or Free Papua Organization ( Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka, OPM) is a name given to an independence movement based on Western New Guinea, seeking secession of the territory currently under Indonesian administration. The territory is currently divided into six Indonesian provinces of Central ...
Horizontal inequality. Horizontal inequality is the inequality—economical, social or other—that does not follow from a difference in an inherent quality such as intelligence, attractiveness or skills for people or profitability for corporations. In sociology, this is particularly applicable to forced inequality between different subcultures ...