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Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory.
The 4R/2M assembly method was designed to combine parts (BioBrick Assembly Standard 10 or Silver Standard) within existing plasmids (i.e. without PCR or subcloning). The plasmids are reacted in vivo with sequence-specific DNA methyltransferases, so that each is modified and protected from one of two restriction endonucleases that are later used ...
Assay. An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity. The measured entity is often called the analyte, the measurand, or the target ...
Molecular diagnostics. Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome, and how their cells express their genes as proteins, applying molecular biology to medical testing. In medicine the technique is used to diagnose and monitor disease, detect risk, and decide which therapies ...
Assembly theory conceptualizes objects not as point particles, but as entities defined by their possible formation histories. [ 5] This allows objects to show evidence of selection, within well-defined boundaries of individuals or selected units. [ 5] Combinatorial objects are important in chemistry, biology and technology, in which most ...
Titration. A burette and Erlenmeyer flask (conical flask) being used for an acid–base titration. Titration (also known as titrimetry[ 1] and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed).
Biological illustration. Illustration from the book Histoire naturelle by Louis Renard, published in Amsterdam in 1754. Biological illustration is the use of technical illustration to visually communicate the structure and specific details of biological subjects of study. This can be used to demonstrate anatomy, explain biological functions or ...
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ( / ɪˈlaɪzə /, / ˌiːˈlaɪzə /) is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann in 1971. [ 1] The assay is a solid-phase type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using ...