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2. Darcy–Weisbach equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy–Weisbach_equation

   The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach. Currently, there is no formula more accurate or universally applicable than the Darcy-Weisbach supplemented by the Moody diagram or Colebrook equation. [1] The Darcy–Weisbach equation contains a dimensionless friction factor, known as the Darcy friction factor. This is also ...

3. Darcy friction factor formulae - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_friction_factor_formulae

   Churchill equation [24] (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), [25] and Bellos et al. (2018) [8] equations also return an approximately correct value for friction factor in the laminar flow region (Reynolds number < 2300). All of the others are for transitional and ...

4. Carothers equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carothers_equation

   The simplest case refers to the formation of a strictly linear polymer by the reaction (usually by condensation) of two monomers in equimolar quantities. An example is the synthesis of nylon-6,6 whose formula is [−NH−(CH 2) 6 −NH−CO−(CH 2) 4 −CO−] n from one mole of hexamethylenediamine, H 2 N(CH 2) 6 NH 2, and one mole of adipic acid, HOOC−(CH 2) 4 −COOH.

5. Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild's_equation...

   In the study of heat transfer, Schwarzschild's equation[ 1][ 2][ 3] is used to calculate radiative transfer ( energy transfer via electromagnetic radiation) through a medium in local thermodynamic equilibrium that both absorbs and emits radiation. The incremental change in spectral intensity, [ 4] ( dIλ, [W/sr/m 2 /μm]) at a given wavelength ...

6. Margules activity model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margules_activity_model

   The Margules activity model is a simple thermodynamic model for the excess Gibbs free energy of a liquid mixture introduced in 1895 by Max Margules. [1] [2] After Lewis had introduced the concept of the activity coefficient, the model could be used to derive an expression for the activity coefficients of a compound i in a liquid, a measure for the deviation from ideal solubility, also known as ...

7. Per-unit system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-unit_system

   In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per-unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a transformer to the other.

8. Newton's law of cooling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_cooling

   Newton's law of cooling. In the study of heat transfer, Newton's law of cooling is a physical law which states that the rate of heat loss of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperatures between the body and its environment. The law is frequently qualified to include the condition that the temperature difference is small ...

9. Error function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function

   3.6 Continued fraction expansion. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; ... (equations 7.1.25–28). This allows one to choose ...