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An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, [1] [2] in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". [3]
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas.
For its opponents it is a distinct political ideology that emphasizes the blending of military power with Wilsonian idealism, yet for its supporters it is more of a 'persuasion' that individuals of many types drift into and out of.
In its original formulation, Islamism described an ideology seeking to revive Islam to its past assertiveness and glory, [9] purifying it of foreign elements, reasserting its role into "social and political as well as personal life"; [10] and in particular "reordering government and society in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam" (i.e ...
These ideas were first drawn together and systematized as a distinct ideology by the English philosopher John Locke, generally regarded as the father of modern liberalism. [68] [69] [60] [59] The first major signs of liberal politics emerged in modern times. These ideas began to coalesce at the time of the English Civil War.
The ideology is rethought and adapted, or replaced by a completely new set of ideals. [28] For example, in Poland, communist ideocracy failed in 1980, the recognition of Lech Walesa 's Solidarity Trade Union leading to a military coup and authoritarian military rule.
Political ideology in the United States is usually described with the left–right spectrum. Liberalism is the predominant left-leaning ideology and conservatism is the predominant right-leaning ideology. [96] [97] Those who hold beliefs between liberalism and conservatism or a mix of beliefs on this scale are called moderates.
Conservative and Christian media organizations and American conservative figures are influential, and American conservatism is a large and mainstream ideology in the Republican Party and nation. As of 2021, 36 percent of Americans consider themselves conservative, according to polling by Gallup, Inc. [3] [4] [5]