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Thus borax, for example, is still often described as a decahydrate Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O, with the implied anion [B 4 O 7] 2−, whereas the correct formula is Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ·8H 2 O, with anion [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4] 2−. The following table gives some of the crystalline sodium borates in this family. [2]
Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k əl /) and tincar (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k ər /)) is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated or anhydrous borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na 2 H 20 B 4 O 17. [1] [a] It is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to make a basic solution.
Borate ions occur, alone or with other anions, in many borate and borosilicate minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite. Borates also occur in seawater, where they make an important contribution to the absorption of low frequency sound in seawater. [1] Borates also occur in plants, including almost all fruits. [2]
It is a colorless crystalline solid, soluble in water. Disodium octaborate is traded either as a liquid concentrate, or as the tetrahydrate Na 2 B 8 O 13 ·4H 2 O , a white odorless powder. It is used as an insecticide , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and as a fungicide and algicide , and as a fire retardant ., [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and as a boron micronutrient additive in ...
Conditioning of hard water from Tempe, Arizona with different types of treatment methods [19] [20] Treatment Normalized scale formation No treatment 1.00 Electromagnetic Water Treatment 0.57 Electrically Induced Precipitation 0.50 Capacitive Deionization 0.17 Ion exchange 0.06 Template Assisted Crystallization 0.04
Coagulation-flocculation process in a water treatment system. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas ...
Soil conditioners may be used to improve water retention in dry, coarse soils which are not holding water well. The addition of organic material for instance can greatly improve the water retention abilities of sandy soils and they can be added to adjust the pH of the soil to meet the needs of specific plants or to make highly acidic or ...
Water conditioners are formulations designed to be added to tap water before its use in an aquarium. [1] [2] If the tap water is chlorinated then a simple conditioner containing a dechlorinator may be used. These products contain sodium thiosulfate which reduces chlorine to chloride which is less harmful to fish.