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The use of wampum as currency spans back to 1622, when the Dutch implemented it into their trade. After the introduction of wampum into European currency, the European colonists quickly began trying to amass large quantities of this currency, and shifting control of this currency determined which power would have control of the European ...
Wampum belts, made of numerous tiny shells, were used by indigenous peoples in eastern Canada to measure wealth and as gifts. [1] Wampum belts were also used as currency during the early colonial period, and were recognised as legal tender in the early Dutch and British colonies. [2] [3]
The Covenant Chain is embodied in the Two Row Wampum of the Iroquois, known as the people of the longhouse - Haudenosaunee. It was based in agreements negotiated between Dutch settlers in New Netherland (present-day New York) and the Five Nations of the Iroquois (or Haudenosaunee) early in the 17th century.
The Two Row Wampum Treaty, also known as Guswenta or Kaswentha and as the Tawagonshi Agreement of 1613 or the Tawagonshi Treaty, is a mutual treaty agreement, made in 1613 between representatives of the Five Nations of the Haudenosaunee (or Iroquois) and representatives of the Dutch government in what is now upstate New York. [1]
True, he was shrewd and often ruthless in pursuing political power, but he was always pleasant and affable to the public and to his colleagues. (Van Buren Boys T-shirts can be found on numerous ...
The Iroquois traded excess corn and tobacco for the pelts from the tribes to the north and the wampum from the tribes to the east. [18] The Iroquois used present-giving more often than any other mode of exchange. Present-giving reflected the reciprocity in Iroquois society. The exchange would begin with one clan giving another tribe or clan a ...
Documents uncovered by Congressional investigators, lawsuits and an Independent Counsel (Carol Elder Bruce) showed evidence that political contributions and pressure from lobbyists from rival tribes caused Bruce Babbitt to overrule staff recommendations and deny the casino application.
Wampum belts would be strung together with shells and were often used among Native Americans to deliver messages accompanied by speeches. [10] Under Algonquian culture, Wampum and beads represented wealth and power. To Rowlandson, they were accessories that Weetamoo used as part of a feminized ritual that showed her vanity.