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Minka (Japanese: 民家, lit. "folk houses") are vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society, Minka were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non-samurai castes). [1]
Jutaku simply means "house" in Japanese. [5] Jutaku houses and buildings focus on minimalist, multi-functional spaces to make up for their small sites. Jutaku houses often do not blend with their urban context, making the architectural style a good fit for individualist-oriented cultures. [ 2 ]
The typical Kyoto machiya is a long wooden home with narrow street frontage, stretching deep into the city block and often containing one or more small courtyard gardens, known as tsuboniwa. Machiya incorporate earthen walls and baked tile roofs, and are typically one, one and a half or two stories high, occasionally stretching to three stories ...
Sometimes a small portion of a building would be constructed of stone, providing a space to store and contain gunpowder. Though the area inside the walls could be quite large, it did not encompass fields or peasants' homes, and the vast majority of commoners likewise lived outside the castle walls.
In contrast to Waters's neoclassical style building, Japanese carpenters developed a pseudo-Japanese style known as giyōfū [44] chiefly using wood. A good example of which is Kaichi Primary School in Nagano Prefecture built in 1876. The master carpenter Tateishi Kiyoshige travelled to Tōkyō to see which Western building styles were popular ...
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Tsubo-niwa are used to provide a touch of nature, connect the outdoors to the indoors, and make an indoor space seem larger; [6] they can also act as light wells. [1] Several tsubo-niwa are used to provide passive ventilation in an otherwise small home, allowing a breeze to blow through the living space [6] (see tablinum).
During the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, a small Nippon Tea House was built near the North pond that was designed in a loose version of the sukiya-style. [23] Harper's Weekly , a national magazine, ran an article in March 1893 showing the construction of the Japanese contributions to the exhibition.