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Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a break through the mandibular bone. In about 60% of cases the break occurs in two places. [1] It may result in a decreased ability to fully open the mouth. [1] Often the teeth will not feel properly aligned or there may be bleeding of the gums. [1]
A tooth that has experienced trauma may become loose due to the periodontal ligament becoming damaged or fracture to the root of the tooth. Splinting ensures that the tooth is held in the correct position within the socket, ensuring that no further trauma occurs to enable healing. [37] A splint can either be flexible or rigid.
Fracture occurs due to the forces exerted on the dental unit. The enamel is splintering: [4] [5] [6] after an unfortunate fall, bump or contusion of the jaw; due to excessive chewing, eating too hard food, and chewing nuts and seeds; grinding of teeth and a bad habit of chewing on things, such as pencils, pens, etc.; due to stresses caused by ...
Management of intrusion depends on several factors such as whether the tooth has a closed or open apex, type of teeth (primary or permanent dentition) and how much the tooth is intruded in mm. This type of dental trauma is complex and is commonly associated with pulpal necrosis and inflammatory ankylosis.
Cracked tooth syndrome could be considered a type of dental trauma and also one of the possible causes of dental pain.One definition of cracked tooth syndrome is "a fracture plane of unknown depth and direction passing through tooth structure that, if not already involving, may progress to communicate with the pulp and/or periodontal ligament."
An open fracture can be life threatening or limb-threatening (person may be at risk of losing a limb) due to the risk of a deep infection and/or bleeding. Open fractures are often caused by high energy trauma such as road traffic accidents and are associated with a high degree of damage to the bone and nearby soft tissue. [1]
However, they are more frequent in children and also males than females. The most frequently fractured teeth are the maxillary central and lateral incisors due to their anatomic location in the oral cavity (Patnana & Kanchan, 2021). While single tooth fractures are more commonly occurring than multiple teeth fractures. (Deepa Lakshmi et al., 2020)
This classification system was developed by Harald Tscherne and Hans-Jörg Oestern in 1982 at the Hannover Medical School (Hanover, Germany) to classify both open and closed fractures. This classification system is based on the physiological concept that the higher the kinetic energy imparted on the bone, the higher the kinetic energy imparted ...