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Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine (>30 mg per day). It is a type of proteinuria.Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only trace amounts of it are present in urine, whereas larger amounts occur in the urine of patients with kidney disease.
It may be used to screen for diseases as part of a medical assessment. The results can suggest the presence of conditions such as kidney disease , liver disease and diabetes . [ 12 ] In emergency medicine urinalysis is used to investigate numerous symptoms, including abdominal and pelvic pain , [ 15 ] [ 16 ] fever , [ 17 ] and confusion . [ 18 ]
Microalbuminuria is a term to describe a moderate increase in the level of urine albumin.It occurs when the kidney leaks small amounts of albumin into the urine, in other words, when an abnormally high permeability for albumin in the glomerulus of the kidney occurs.
Abnormal kidney function may cause too much or too little urine to be produced. The ability of the kidneys to filter protein is often measured, as urine albumin or urine protein levels, [2] measured either at a single instance or, because of variation throughout the day, as 24-hour urine tests. [citation needed]
Urine test strips are used for screening both in hospitals and in general practice. The aim of screening is early identification of likely patients by examination of large groups of the population. The importance of screening for diabetes and kidney disease amongst high-risk populations is becoming very high.
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...
Microalbuminuria: urinary albumin excretion in the range of 30–299 mg/24h; Macroalbuminuria: urinary albumin excretion ≥300 mg/24h; Urinary albumin excretion can also be measured by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample, which is as accurate but more convenient than a 24-hour urine collection. [29]
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver which makes up roughly 50%-60% of the total proteins in the blood while the other 40%-50% are proteins other than albumin, such as immunoglobins. [ 15 ] [ 14 ] This is why the concentration of albumin in the urine is one of the single sensitive indicators of kidney disease, particularly for those with ...