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A given contour, called a porkchop curve, represents constant C 3, and the center of the porkchop the optimal minimum C 3. The orbital elements of the solution, where the fixed values are the departure date, the arrival date, and the length of the flight, were first solved mathematically in 1761 by Johann Heinrich Lambert , and the equation is ...
A saddle point (in red) on the graph of z = x 2 − y 2 (hyperbolic paraboloid). In mathematics, a saddle point or minimax point [1] is a point on the surface of the graph of a function where the slopes (derivatives) in orthogonal directions are all zero (a critical point), but which is not a local extremum of the function. [2]
A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes. [4] The contour interval of a contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines. [5] The gradient of the function is always perpendicular to the contour ...
Box plot; Bumpchart; Circle packing; Dendrograms: Circular dendrogram; Linear dendrogram; Gantt chart; Horizon graph; Line chart; Matrix Plot; Parallel coordinates; Radar chart; Sankey diagram; Scatterplots: Bubble chart; Contour plot over bubble chart; Convex hull grouping; Hexagonal binning grouping; Streamgraph (also known as Area chart ...
Typical applications include the contour lines on topographic maps or the generation of isobars for weather maps. Marching squares takes a similar approach to the 3D marching cubes algorithm: Process each cell in the grid independently. Calculate a cell index using comparisons of the contour level(s) with the data values at the cell corners.
Example of topographic profile. A topographic profile or topographic cut or elevation profile is a representation of the relief of the terrain that is obtained by cutting transversely the lines of a topographic map.
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The Tanaka (relief) contours technique is a method used to illuminate contour lines in order to help visualize terrain. Lines are highlighted or shaded depending on their relationship to a light source in the Northwest. If the object being illustrated would shadow a section of contour line, that contour would be represented with a black band.