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Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure in order to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle. [1] Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compartment syndrome. It is also sometimes used to treat chronic compartment stress syndrome.
a) Fasciotomy and b) Escharotomy in a child with third degree burns. A motorized dermatome is used to make the incisons. An escharotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat full-thickness (third-degree) circumferential burns. In full-thickness burns, both the epidermis and the dermis are destroyed along with sensory nerves in the dermis.
There are different types of acquired hand deformities, each with distinct characteristics and underlying causes, such as boutonnière deformity, Dupuytren's contracture, gamekeeper's thumb, hand osteoarthritis deformity, mallet finger, swan-neck deformity, ulnar claw hand, among many others.
Fasciotomy is overused and non-therapeutic in many cases of compartment syndrome due to snake bites due to Crotalid (rattlesnake) and related snakes such as lance-head [49]. [50] [51] Compartment syndrome due to snake bite should be treated with antivenom, and, unlike more common causes, fasciotomy is rarely indicated. [52]
Dupuytren's contracture (also called Dupuytren's disease, Morbus Dupuytren, Palmar fibromatosis and historically as Viking disease or Celtic hand) is a condition in which one or more fingers become permanently bent in a flexed position. [2]
Decompressive craniectomy · Hemispherectomy · Anterior temporal lobectomy · Hypophysectomy · Amygdalohippocampectomy: Ventriculostomy: Craniotomy · Pallidotomy · Thalamotomy · Lobotomy · Bilateral cingulotomy · Cordotomy · Rhizotomy: Neurosurgery · Psychosurgery · Brain biopsy: Peripheral nervous system
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The most important signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome are observable before actual contracture. What is known as the five Ps of compartment syndrome include: pain, generally the initial symptom, accompanied by pulselessness, pallor, paralysis, and paraesthesias.