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In German-speaking countries, there are essentially 2 distinct variations of Carnivals: the Rhenish Carnival in the west of Germany, centred on the cities of Cologne, Mainz and Düsseldorf, and the Alemannic or Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht in Swabia (Southwestern Germany), Switzerland, Alsace and Vorarlberg (Western Austria).
The Cologne Carnival (German: Kölner Karneval) is a carnival that takes place every year in Cologne, Germany. Traditionally, the "fifth season" (carnival season) is declared open at 11 minutes past 11 on the 11th of the 11th month November.
Rose Monday Carnival on Rottweil, Germany. Rosenmontag (German: [ˌʁoːznˈ̩moːntaːk] ⓘ, English: Rose-Monday [1]) is the highlight of the German Karneval , and takes place on the Shrove Monday before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent. [2] Mardi Gras, though celebrated on Fat Tuesday, is a similar event.
Rosenmondnacht 2004, view from the Schillerplatz with carnival fountain, down the Ludwigsstraße to Mainz Cathedral. The Mainz Carnival (Mainzer Fastnacht, "Määnzer Fassenacht" or "Meenzer Fassenacht") [1] is a months-long citywide carnival celebration in Mainz, Germany that traditionally begins on 11 November but culminates in the days before Ash Wednesday in the spring.
The first official record of Karneval, Fasching or Fastnacht in Germany dates to 1296. [ 179 ] [ 180 ] Often the costumes and masks on parades strictly follow traditional designs and represent specific historical characters, public figures – or specific daemons.
Fastnacht mask in Swabia. Fastnacht is held in the settlement area of the Germanic tribes of the Swabians and Alemanni, where Swabian-Alemannic dialects are spoken. The region covers German Switzerland, the larger part of Baden-Württemberg, Alsace, south-western Bavaria and Vorarlberg (western Austria).
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The celebrations often stretch from Epiphany, known in sections of Germany as Heilige Drei Könige, through the night before Ash Wednesday, and is variously known by different names, such as Karneval or Fasching in Germany, Austria and German-speaking areas of Switzerland. It is also often referred to as the "fifth season", which traditionally ...