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In geology, lamination (from Latin lāmina 'thin layer') is a small-scale sequence of fine layers (pl.: laminae; sg.: lamina) that occurs in sedimentary rocks. Laminae are normally smaller and less pronounced than bedding .
Where the set height is less than 6 centimeters and the cross-stratification layers are only a few millimeters thick, the term cross-lamination is used, rather than cross-bedding. Cross-bed sets occur typically in granular sediments, especially sandstone , and indicate that sediments were deposited as ripples or dunes, which advanced due to a ...
Lenticular bedding formation from the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky.Shows the characteristic large quantities of mud covering 'lens-like' sand. Lenticular bedding. Lenticular bedding is a sedimentary bedding pattern displaying alternating layers of mud and sand.
In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces". [1] A bedding surface is three-dimensional surface, planar or curved, that visibly separates each successive bed (of the same or different lithology) from the preceding or following bed.
They have a vertical orientation, which cuts across laminated or massive sands. These formations can range from a few millimeters in diameter to larger than a meter. [2] Sole markings are found on the underside of sedimentary rocks that overlie shale beds, usually sandstones. They are used for determining the flow direction of old currents ...
Heterolithic bedding is a sedimentary structure made up of interbedded deposits of sand and mud.It is formed mainly in tidal flats but can also be formed in glacial environments.
Very small cross-lamination means that the ripple height is roughly one centimeter. It is lenticular, wavy and flaser lamination. Small Small cross-bedding are ripples set at a height less than ten centimeters, while the thickness is only a few millimeters. Some ripples that may fit this category are wind ripples, wave ripples, and current ripples.
This process generates the characteristic lamination of stromatolites, a feature that is hard to interpret, in terms of its temporal and environmental significance. [7] [8] Different styles of stromatolite lamination have been described, [9] [10] which can be studied through microscopic and mathematical methods. [10]