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The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), also known as the blind cave fish, blind cave characin or the blind cave tetra, is a freshwater fish in the Characidae family (tetras and relatives) of the order Characiformes. [4][5] The type species of its genus, it is native to the Nearctic realm, originating in the lower Rio Grande, and the Neueces ...
Glaucoma in a dog. Canine glaucoma refers to a group of diseases in dogs that affect the optic nerve and involve a loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. An intraocular pressure greater than 22 mmHg (2.9 kPa) is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Untreated glaucoma in dogs leads to permanent damage ...
Progressive retinal atrophy. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases seen in certain breeds of dogs and, more rarely, cats. Similar to retinitis pigmentosa in humans, [1] it is characterized by the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing progressive vision loss culminating in blindness.
Pathologically, there is a loss of the rod and cone cells followed by degeneration of other layers of the retina. The retinal degeneration appears to be related to apoptosis of these cells. [ 11 ] SARDS must be distinguished from other causes of sudden blindness that have no visible pathology, including retrobulbar optic neuritis , a tumor at ...
The Amblyopsidae are a fish family commonly referred to as cavefish, blindfish, or swampfish. They are small freshwater fish found in the dark environments of caves (underground lakes, pools, rivers and streams), springs and swamps in the eastern half of the United States. Like other troglobites, most amblyopsids exhibit adaptations to these ...
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, often abbreviated as PEX[1] and sometimes as PES or PXS, is an aging-related systemic disease manifesting itself primarily in the eyes which is characterized by the accumulation of microscopic granular amyloid-like protein fibers. [2] Its cause is unknown, although there is speculation that there may be a genetic basis.
Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain 's occipital cortex. [1] Cortical blindness can be acquired or congenital, and may also be transient in certain instances. [2] Acquired cortical blindness is most often caused by loss of blood flow to the occipital cortex from ...
White dot syndromes. White dot syndromes are inflammatory diseases characterized by the presence of white dots on the fundus, the interior surface of the eye. [1] The majority of individuals affected with white dot syndromes are younger than fifty years of age. Some symptoms include blurred vision and visual field loss. [2]