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The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current. Its reciprocal quantity is electrical conductance, measuring the ease with which an electric current passes. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with mechanical friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω ...
The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm - metre (Ω⋅m). [1][2][3] For example, if a 1 m3 solid cube of material has sheet contacts on two opposite faces, and the resistance between these contacts is 1 Ω, then the resistivity of the material is 1 Ω⋅m. Electrical conductivity (or specific conductance) is the reciprocal of ...
The BAAS in 1861 appointed a committee including Maxwell and Thomson to report upon standards of electrical resistance. [9] Their objectives were to devise a unit that was of convenient size, part of a complete system for electrical measurements, coherent with the units for energy, stable, reproducible and based on the French metrical system. [10]
Various resistor types of different shapes and sizes. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [1] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [2] where I is the current through the conductor, V ...
Electrical conductivity: σ: Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current S/m L −3 M −1 T 3 I 2: scalar Electric potential: φ: Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point volt (V = J/C) L 2 M T −3 I −1: extensive, scalar Electrical resistance: R: Electric potential per unit ...
Axial-lead resistors on tape.The component is cut from the tape during assembly and the part is inserted into the board. Size comparison of axial-lead resistors. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
Sheet resistance is a special case of resistivity for a uniform sheet thickness. Commonly, resistivity (also known as bulk resistivity, specific electrical resistivity, or volume resistivity) is in units of Ω·m, which is more completely stated in units of Ω·m 2 /m (Ω·area/length). When divided by the sheet thickness (m), the units are Ω ...