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Harmonious labeling. A "harmonious labeling" on a graph G is an injection from the vertices of G to the group of integers modulo k, where k is the number of edges of G, that induces a bijection between the edges of G and the numbers modulo k by taking the edge label for an edge (x, y) to be the sum of the labels of the two vertices x, y (mod k ...
A graceful labeling. Vertex labels are in black, edge labels in red.. In graph theory, a graceful labeling of a graph with m edges is a labeling of its vertices with some subset of the integers from 0 to m inclusive, such that no two vertices share a label, and each edge is uniquely identified by the absolute difference between its endpoints, such that this magnitude lies between 1 and m ...
The 7-page book graph of this type provides an example of a graph with no harmonious labeling. A second type, which might be called a triangular book, is the complete tripartite graph K 1,1,p. It is a graph consisting of triangles sharing a common edge. A book of this type is a split graph.
In graph theory, a harmonious coloring is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every pair of colors appears on at most one pair of adjacent vertices. It is the opposite of the complete coloring, which instead requires every color pairing to occur at least once. The harmonious chromatic number χH(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of colors ...
The friendship graphs F 2, F 3 and F 4. In the mathematical field of graph theory, the friendship graph (or Dutch windmill graph or n-fan) F n is a planar, undirected graph with 2n + 1 vertices and 3n edges. [1] The friendship graph F n can be constructed by joining n copies of the cycle graph C 3 with a common vertex, which becomes a universal ...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: Graph labeling#Harmonious labelings
Graph coloring. A proper vertex coloring of the Petersen graph with 3 colors, the minimum number possible. In graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the ...
Definition. Given a graph G, we denote the set of its edges by E(G) and that of its vertices by V(G). Let q be the cardinality of E(G) and p be that of V(G). Once a labeling of the edges is given, a vertex of the graph is labeled by the sum of the labels of the edges incident to it, modulo p. Or, in symbols, the induced labeling on a vertex is ...