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  2. Seven heavens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Heavens

    Seven heavens. In mythological or religious cosmology, the seven heavens refer to seven levels or divisions of the Heavens. The concept, also found in the ancient Mesopotamian religions, can be found in Judaism and Islam; the Christian Bible does not mention seven levels of heaven. Some of these traditions, including Jainism, also have a ...

  3. Heaven - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven

    Heaven is a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophies, and religions, and is on one end of the spectrum a synonym of Shangdi ("Supreme Deity") and on the other naturalistic end, a synonym for nature and the sky. The Chinese term for "heaven", Tian (天), derives from the name of the supreme deity of the Zhou dynasty.

  4. Firmament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmament

    Firmament. An artist's depiction of the early Hebrew conception of the cosmos. The firmament (raqia), Sheol, and Tehom are depicted. In ancient near eastern cosmology, the firmament means a celestial barrier that separated the heavenly waters above from the Earth below. [1]

  5. History of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_metaphysics

    Pre-history. Cognitive archeology such as analysis of cave paintings and other pre-historic art and customs suggests that a form of perennial philosophy or Shamanic metaphysics may stretch back to the birth of behavioral modernity, all around the world. Similar beliefs are found in present-day "stone age" cultures such as Australian aboriginals.

  6. Astral plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_plane

    Astral plane. The astral spheres were thought to be planes of angelic existence intermediate between Earth and heaven. The astral plane, also called the astral realm or the astral world, is a plane of existence postulated by classical, medieval, oriental, esoteric, and new age philosophies and mystery religions. [1]

  7. The Void (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Void_(philosophy)

    The concept of " The Void " in philosophy encompasses the ideas of nothingness and emptiness, a notion that has been interpreted and debated across various schools of metaphysics. In ancient Greek philosophy, the Void was discussed by thinkers like Democritus, who saw it as a necessary space for atoms to move, thereby enabling the existence of ...

  8. On the Heavens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Heavens

    On the Heavens (Greek: Περὶ οὐρανοῦ; Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle 's chief cosmological treatise: written in 350 BC, [citation needed] it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings of the terrestrial world. It should not be confused with the spurious work On the Universe (De Mundo ...

  9. Nous - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nous

    Among some Greek authors, a faculty of intelligence known as a "higher mind" came to be considered as a property of the cosmos as a whole. The work of Parmenides set the scene for Greek philosophy to come, and the concept of nous was central to his radical proposals. He claimed that reality as perceived by the senses alone is not a world of ...