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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or electroshock therapy (EST) is a psychiatric treatment during which a generalized seizure (without muscular convulsions) is electrically induced to manage refractory mental disorders. [1] Typically, 70 to 120 volts are applied externally to the patient's head, resulting in approximately 800 milliamperes of ...
Electroconvulsive therapy is effectively used in major depressive patients to increase the amount of nerve cells in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is involved in mood regulation and memory. Antidepressants drugs have a similar effect but to a lesser extent than ECT. [1] ECT is prescribed by a psychiatrist.
Shock therapy describes a set of techniques used in psychiatry to treat depressive disorder or other illnesses. It covers multiple forms, such as inducing seizures or other extreme brain states, or acting as a painful method of aversive conditioning. [1] Two types of shock therapy are currently practiced: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in ...
Psychotic depression, also known as depressive psychosis, is a major depressive episode that is accompanied by psychotic symptoms. [3] It can occur in the context of bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. [3] It can be difficult to distinguish from schizoaffective disorder, a diagnosis that requires the presence of psychotic symptoms ...
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT, in the past sometimes called electric convulsion therapy, convulsion treatment or electroplexy) is a controversial psychiatric treatment in which seizures are induced with electricity. [1] ECT was first used in the United Kingdom in 1939 and, although its use has been declining for several decades, it was still ...
Insulin shock therapy. Insulin shock therapy or insulin coma therapy was a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several weeks. [1] It was introduced in 1927 by Austrian-American psychiatrist Manfred Sakel and used extensively in the 1940s and ...
Work to directly stimulate the human brain with electricity started in the late 1800s, and by the 1930s the Italian physicians Cerletti and Bini had developed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). [32] ECT became widely used to treat mental illness, and ultimately overused, as it began to be seen as a panacea. This led to a backlash in the 1970s. [32]
Lou Reed, American singer-songwriter [42][43] Marilyn Rice, anti-electroconvulsive therapy activist [44] Paul Robeson, American bass singer and actor [45] Yves Saint-Laurent, French fashion designer [46] Peggy S. Salters, from South Carolina, in 2005 became the first survivor of electroshock treatment in the United States to win a jury verdict ...
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