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Calculus. In mathematics, the Taylor series or Taylor expansion of a function is an infinite sum of terms that are expressed in terms of the function's derivatives at a single point. For most common functions, the function and the sum of its Taylor series are equal near this point.
v. t. e. In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function, the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order of the Taylor series of the function.
Power series are useful in mathematical analysis, where they arise as Taylor series of infinitely differentiable functions. In fact, Borel's theorem implies that every power series is the Taylor series of some smooth function. In many situations, c (the center of the series) is equal to zero, for instance when considering a Maclaurin series.
The Taylor expansion would be: + where / denotes the partial derivative of f k with respect to the i-th variable, evaluated at the mean value of all components of vector x. Or in matrix notation , f ≈ f 0 + J x {\displaystyle \mathrm {f} \approx \mathrm {f} ^{0}+\mathrm {J} \mathrm {x} \,} where J is the Jacobian matrix .
e. Multi-index notation is a mathematical notation that simplifies formulas used in multivariable calculus, partial differential equations and the theory of distributions, by generalising the concept of an integer index to an ordered tuple of indices.
Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random variables. In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite.
In mathematics, linearization is finding the linear approximation to a function at a given point. The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems, linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium point of a system of nonlinear ...
This formula can be obtained by Taylor series expansion: (+) = + ′ ()! ″ ()! () +. The complex-step derivative formula is only valid for calculating first-order derivatives. A generalization of the above for calculating derivatives of any order employs multicomplex numbers , resulting in multicomplex derivatives.