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  2. Jim Crow laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws

    Nadir of Americanrace relations. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American. [1] The last of the Jim Crow laws were overturned in 1965. [2]

  3. Critical race theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_race_theory

    Critical race theory (CRT) is an academic field focused on the relationships between social conceptions of race and ethnicity, social and political laws, and media. CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, not based only on individuals' prejudices. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The word critical in the name is an academic reference to ...

  4. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    Facilities and services such as housing, healthcare, education, employment, and transportation have been systematically separated in the United States based on racial categorizations. Segregation was the legally or socially enforced separation of African Americans from whites, as well as the separation of other ethnic minorities from majority ...

  5. Racism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism

    Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity. Racism can be present in social actions, practices, or political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices.

  6. Occupational segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_segregation

    e. Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. [1] Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation. These demographic characteristics often intersect. [2]

  7. Residential segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_segregation_in...

    Commons. v. t. e. Residential segregation is the physical separation of two or more groups into different neighborhoods [1] —a form of segregation that "sorts population groups into various neighborhood contexts and shapes the living environment at the neighborhood level". [2] While it has traditionally been associated with racial segregation ...

  8. Passing (racial identity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)

    Passing (racial identity) Racial passing occurs when a person who is classified as a member of a racial group is accepted or perceived ("passes") as a member of another racial group. Historically, the term has been used primarily in the United States to describe a black or brown person or of multiracial ancestry who assimilated into the white ...

  9. Racial segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation

    t. e. Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by people of different races. Specifically, it may be applied to activities such as eating in restaurants ...