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pCO2, pCO2, or is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2), often used in reference to blood but also used in meteorology, climate science, oceanography, and limnology to describe the fractional pressure of CO 2 as a function of its concentration in gas or dissolved phases. The units of p CO 2 are mmHg, atm, torr, Pa, or any other standard ...
The control of ventilation is the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Ventilation facilitates respiration. Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in cellular respiration.
The physiology of decompression is the aspect of physiology which is affected by exposure to large changes in ambient pressure. It involves a complex interaction of gas solubility, partial pressures and concentration gradients, diffusion, bulk transport and bubble mechanics in living tissues. [ 1 ] Gas is breathed at ambient pressure, and some ...
Arterial carbon dioxide tension, or partial pressure: P A CO 2: Alveolar carbon dioxide tension, or partial pressure: P v O 2: Oxygen tension of mixed venous blood: P (A-a) O 2: Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. The term formerly used (A-a D O 2) is discouraged. P (a/A) O 2: Alveolar-arterial tension ratio; P a O 2:P A O 2 The term ...
In respiratory physiology, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio) is a ratio used to assess the efficiency and adequacy of the ventilation-perfusion coupling and thus the matching of two variables: V – ventilation – the air that reaches the alveoli. Q – perfusion – the blood that reaches the alveoli via the capillaries.
Bicarbonate buffer system. Carbon dioxide, a by-product of cellular respiration, is dissolved in the blood, where it is taken up by red blood cells and converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase. Most of the carbonic acid then dissociates to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism ...
The aortic bodies measure partial gas pressures and the composition of arterial blood flowing past it. [7] These changes may include: oxygen partial pressure. [7] [8] carbon dioxide partial pressure. [7] [8] pH (indirectly affected by carbon dioxide concentration). [1] [8] They are particularly sensitive to changes in pH. [2]
Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate , abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing.